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Quiz Chapter 1: Organisation of Plant Tissues and Growth

10 questions ยท Form 5 Biology Bab 1: Organisation of Plant Tissues and Growth

Question 1 of 10Score: 0

What is the primary function of guard cells located in leaf epidermal tissue?

Full Question List & Answer Key

Prefer reading to quizzing? All 10 questions are listed below with the answer and explanation under each one.

1. What is the primary function of guard cells located in leaf epidermal tissue?

  1. Synthesizing secondary xylem during drought conditions
  2. Regulating stomatal opening and closing for transpiration and gas exchange
  3. Providing rigid structural support to spongy mesophyll
  4. Absorbing water directly from atmospheric humidity
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Answer: B

Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells that alter their turgidity to open or close stomata, controlling gas exchange and water loss.

2. During secondary growth in eudicot stems, what tissue is produced toward the INSIDE of the vascular cambium?

  1. Primary phloem
  2. Cork cambium
  3. Secondary xylem
  4. Secondary phloem
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Answer: C

The vascular cambium divides inward to produce secondary xylem (wood) and outward to produce secondary phloem.

3. A biannual plant is in its second year of growth. What main physiological process dominates this phase?

  1. Initial seed germination and root system development
  2. Vegetative growth and leaf production only
  3. Flowering, fruit production, and seed dispersal
  4. Secondary cork cambium formation in roots
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Answer: C

In biannual plants, year 1 is dedicated to vegetative growth, while year 2 focuses on reproductive development (flowering and seed production).

4. What structural modification allows root hair cells to maximize water absorption from soil?

  1. Thickened secondary walls with suberin
  2. Long tubular outgrowth increasing surface area-to-volume ratio
  3. High density of chloroplasts in cytoplasm
  4. Presence of sieve plates at cell junctions
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Answer: B

Root hairs are specialized epidermal extensions that drastically increase the surface area available for water and mineral ion uptake.

5. What waterproof substance is deposited in cork cells during secondary growth to form bark?

  1. Lignin
  2. Pectin
  3. Suberin
  4. Cellulose
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Answer: C

Cork cells formed by the cork cambium accumulate suberin, a waxy waterproof compound that protects inner stem tissues.

6. Where are apical meristems specifically located in a plant?

  1. In the vascular cambium between xylem and phloem
  2. At the outer cortex of mature stems
  3. At the tips of roots and shoots
  4. Underneath the cork layer of tree trunks
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Answer: C

Apical meristems are located at root tips and shoot apexes, facilitating primary growth (length extension).

7. In the sigmoid growth curve, what phase is characterized by a rapid increase in cell division and expansion rate?

  1. Lag phase
  2. Decelerating phase
  3. Exponential phase
  4. Stationary phase
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Answer: C

The exponential (log) phase represents the period of most rapid growth where cell division and elongation occur at maximum speed.

8. Which meristematic tissue is directly responsible for increasing the girth (diameter) of woody stems?

  1. Apical meristem
  2. Lateral meristem
  3. Intercalary meristem
  4. Root cap meristem
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Answer: B

Lateral meristems (vascular cambium and cork cambium) drive secondary growth, expanding the stem's girth.

9. Which tissue consists of living cells with unevenly thickened primary cell walls containing pectin and cellulose?

  1. Sclerenchyma tissue
  2. Collenchyma tissue
  3. Parenchyma tissue
  4. Xylem vessel element
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Answer: B

Collenchyma tissue features unevenly thickened walls reinforced with cellulose and pectin to provide flexible mechanical support to young plants.

10. What causes the epidermis of a woody stem to rupture during secondary growth?

  1. Inward accumulation of primary parenchyma tissue
  2. Rapid outward accumulation of secondary xylem and phloem expanding stem diameter
  3. Excessive water absorption by root hairs during spring
  4. Breakdown of suberin layers in cork cells
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Answer: B

The continuous inward formation of secondary xylem exerts outward pressure, stretching and eventually rupturing the primary dermal epidermis.

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